Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Indigenous people and the Sale of Land - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2492 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Level High school Did you like this example? land, you must remember that it is sacred and you must teach your children that it is sacred and that each ghostly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells of the events and memories in the life of my people. The waters murmur is the voice of my fathers father. If we sell you the land you must remember and teach your children that the rivers are our brothers, and yours and you must henceforth give the kindness you would give any brother. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Indigenous people and the Sale of Land" essay for you Create order We know that the white man does not understand our ways. One portion of land is the same to him as the next, he is a stranger who comes in the night and takes from the land whatever he needs. The earth is not his brother but his enemy and when he has conquered it, he moves on. He leaves his fathers graves behind and does not care. So we consider your offer to buy our land. If we decide to accept, I will make one condition. The white man must treat the beasts of his land as his brothersYou must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of our grandfathers. So they will respect the land. Tell your children that the earth is rich with the lives of our kin. Teach your children what we have taught to our children, that the earth is our mother. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth. If man spits on the ground, they spit on themselves. In the contemporary scenario, we are the Chief Seattle and his tribe, the ultimate owners and beneficia ries of the natural resources, so if this lesson does not reach the white man (white man can be equated to the state and private companies who deal with them) it will be partially our fault. The State gets entwined in regulatory aspects and the private parties in their commercial exploitation in terms of their licenses and lease. The natural resources which are described as sacred cannot speak for themselves, so their voices should be the beneficiaries. The people of the country who are the ultimate owner needs to be empowered to have a say when their sacred resources are being plundered, be they in the hand of any party- the state, a corporation, a municipality, a company or so on. The fact that these parties deal with the resources for all makes them responsible to the people (the beneficiaries) and not just the intermediaries (in terms of the state regulatory framework or the administrative bodies), and this makes the extension of this doctrine to private parties viable. It is true that the doctrine is not so much an anti-privatization concept as a vehicle for mediating between public and private rights in important natural resources[1] and the private companies want their freedom of operation. They look at all these regulations from the point of view that they are hindrances and delays in their operations. Even the state wants to attract private companies for exploration in natural resources from its development agenda and to attract foreign investment. One thing both the state and private parties have to be cautious about is that freedom in commons can lead to ruin of all.[2] The jus publicum rights even under private possession should never die. The ultimate owners are the citizens under Article 39(b) of our constitution. Today, if asked they do not actually feel like the owners. If private interests take over the public interests it would be a offence in my opinion against the community, against the long-range interests of the country as a whole a nd more so against the unborn generations.[3] It is time we think about the problems associated with natural resources and their privatisation. To empower the citizens we need to adopt either a stronger regulatory framework ensuring accountability of private companies in its actions or to expand the horizon of the public trust doctrine and unless the same is done it would be difficult to contest that our natural resources are distributed for common good. 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY PRIMARY SOURCES LIST OF STATUTES Coal Mines (Conservation and Development) Act, 1974 Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973 Coal Mines (Taking Over and Management) Act, 1973 Common Rights Registration Act, 1965 Comptroller and Auditor General of India Act, 1971 Constitution of India, 1949 Constitution of United States Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 Magna Carta, United Kingdom, 1215 Mineral Concession Rules, 1960. Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957 NEPA (National Environment Policy Act), 1970 Oil fields Regulation and Regulation Act, 1948 Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act 43 U.S.C. 1301(e) Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules, 1959 Right to Information Act, 2005 Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 The Coal India (Regulation of Transfers and Validation Act,2000). The Coking Coal Mines (Emergency Provisions) Act, 1971. The Companies Act, 1956 The Indian Trust Act, 1882 The National Telecom Policy of 1994 The New Telecom Policy of 1999 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 The Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf , Exclusive Economic Zone and Other Maritime Zones Act, 1976 REPORTS/CONVENTIONS Comptroller and Auditor General Report on 2G Spectrum, 2012 Comptroller and Auditor General Report on Coal Block Allocation 1996-2010, 2012 Constituent Assembly Debates, Vol. VII, 506 (Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi, 2003) Declaration on Right to Development, 1998 Digest of Justinian, Rome Draft international Covenant on Environment and Development Helsinki Rules, 1966 International Covenant on civil and political rights (ICCPR), 1966 Report on Conference of Conservation of Natural Resources, 1908 The Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention,1998) World Trade Report on Trade in Natural Resources, 2010 SECONDARY SOURCES BOOKS A.K. 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Zoheb Hussain and Alok Prasanna Kumar, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The New Jurisprudence of Scarce Natural Resources: An analysis of the Supreme Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s judgment in RIL v RNRL (2010) 7 SCC 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Indian Journal of Constitutional Law, 114, Available at: www.commonlii.org/in/journals/INJlConLaw/2010/6.pdf (last visited on April 23, 2015). 1 [1] Michael C. Blumm, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Public trust doctrine and Private Property: The accommodation principleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , 27(3), Pace and Environmental Law Review, 666 (Summer, 2010). [2] Supra note 18 at 12. [3] Supra note 142.

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