The uppsala model a poor guide

The uppsala model a poor guide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Uppsala model is one of the best known models of how firms set about the internationalisation process. It presents a sequential approach, meaning that the firm internationalises incrementally. The model assumes that there is a lack of knowledge of the foreign market which is detrimental to internationalisation, therefore it suggests that a firm should firstly establish itself in its domestic market, then increase its commitment and resources in the target country in stages, progressing to the next stage once sufficient understanding and knowledge of the foreign market conditions have been attainted. The four stages identified by this model are referred to as the establishment chain. Step 1 is when the firm has no regular export activity; step 2 is when the firm begins to export to the target country through agents or independent representatives; step 3 involves the establishment of sales subsidiaries and finally the 4th step is starting to produce and or manuf acture in the target country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This framework also relies heavily on the concept of psychic distance, defined as the factors preventing or disturbing the flows of information between firms and markets. (Tayeb, M. International business P141) This suggests that firms are more likely to build international relations with countries which appear to have the most similarities to them. These factors could include language, culture, political systems, educational systems and industrial development. Psychic distance is often linked with geographical distance, but this is not always the case. One example of this is the relationships between United Kingdom with countries like New Zealand and Australia; the countries have a relatively small psychic distance as they speak the same language, have similar cultures and also similar political and educational structures, and yet are geographically far apart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So how useful is this model, the authors themselves do not state that it can be used in all circumstances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the first criticisms of the Uppsala model is that it can be connected to both the firm and the market. The study carried out by Johanson, J and Wiedersheim-Paul in 1975 highlighted the internationalisation process of the four firms involved, however the model itself tends to the internationalisation of a firm in a specific market. expand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The model suggests an identical step-by-step process for the internationalisation of the firm, which is intended to be repeated for each country that the firm tries to enter into. (Firms tend to enter new markets with successively greater psychic distance) However this view does not suggest a degree of difficulty from step to step, nor from country to country. Furthermore It assumes that the quantity and type of knowledge required is identical in each market, when in fact some knowledge will be transferable and apply to more than one market. On the other hand some markets will be vastly different. The model is a fairly good guide to internationalisation as it encourages incremental learning which reduces some of the uncertainties linked with foreign markets. However it could be criticised because it fails to take in to consideration that some of the information obtained is transferable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Uppsala model also fails to consider the specific market environment and industry characteristics in the target country. This includes economies of scale, research and development intensity and also government regulations. expand Internationalisation can start at any stage skips stages, an example? Of an FDI W/out export etc. Mixed empirical support, especially ‘stages e.g. evidence of ‘leapfrogging, acceleration SMEs for example often begin the internationalisation process when they relatively small and gradually increase their international presence. The majority of SMEs have a lack of international knowledge, as they are traditionally domestic businesses resulting in limited international experience. Therefore the decision to launch themselves internationally is more risky than that of larger firms, this is also due to the required investment needed to internationalise, inadequate management and lack of brand recognition. For these firms it seems that the Uppsala model allows them to gain this essential experience in stages, increasing their knowledge of the international markets and allowing them to analyse the opportunities and problems which exist. By allowing the firm to familiarise itself with the market, with relatively low risk exports the Uppsala model removes or reduces most of the disadvantages that SMEs face when trying to internationalise, however it does not deal with the pote ntial lack of finance facing many of these firms. The firm may also encounter problems with instability of exchange rates, local laws and regulations or political shocks; however this is not exclusive to SMEs. This suggests that the model is quite an efficient guide for SMEs however with a lack of capital the SME may find it difficult to progress to the 3rd of 4th stages unless the exports have generated them sufficient profits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edwards and Buckley (1988) found that most Australian firms who had invested in British factories or facilities had not passed through an export phase. The Uppsala model highlights internationalisation as a slow and steady process of learning through experience, but thanks to the advances in technology, education and travel many new businesses have vast amounts on international knowledge, thanks to relations with MNCS. This highlights that companies with experience, or entrepreneurial firms would find the Uppsala model a poor guide to internationalisation, as they already have sufficient knowledge and resources to skip stages and invest in a foreign country. The Uppsala model does not consider the use of strategic alliances or joint ventures as pathways to internationalisation. Joint ventures allow firms to share each others skills and knowledge of each others markets, thus reducing the risks. One example of this is NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing Inc), this is the joint venture between General Motors and Toyota. Toyota would benefit from access to the US market, and General Motors would benefit from Toyotas technological knowledge and its renowned management structures. (Czinkota, M, Global Business P414) The rise of born global firms Maybe some positives?! Conc. How good/poor is it as a guide. Why? Refer to arguments   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Internationalisation is the process of â€Å"increasing involvement in international operations† (Welch and Luostarinen). Welch, D.J./Luostarinen, R., Internationalization: Evolution of a Concept, Journal of General Management, 14(2), 1988, pp. 36-64 Clegg J, Internationalisation strategies P193-196 (1997) Macmillan Press Tayeb, M. International business (2000) P141, Prentice Hall Johanson, J and J-E Vahlne, (1977) The internationalisation process of the firm P23-32 Johanson, J and Wiedersheim-Paul (1975) The internationalisation of the firm P305 322 Czinkota, M, Ronkainen, I, Moffett, M and Moynihan, E (2001) Global Business P414, Harcourt College Publishers

Free Hamlet Essays: Hamlets Numerous Problems :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

Hamlet's Numerous Problems Hamlet's problem is not exact; it cannot be pinpointed. In fact, Hamlet has numerous problems that contribute to his dilemma. The first of these problems is the appearance of King Hamlet's ghost to his son, Hamlet. Hamlet's morality adds a great deal to his delay in murdering the current king, Claudius. One of Hamlet's biggest drawbacks is that he tends to think things out too much. Hamlet does not act on instinct; however, he makes certain that every action is premeditated. Hamlet suffers a great deal from melancholy; this in turn causes him to constantly second guess himself. The Ghost is the main cause of Hamlet's melancholy. Also, Hamlet's melancholy helps to clear up certain aspects of the play. These are just a few of the problems that Hamlet encounters throughout his ordeal. The last of Hamlet's problems stem from his relationships with the people close to him. Hamlet suffers from an Oedipus complex. Hamlet's relationship with Ophelia also causes him grief. All of the problems that Hamlet encounters make him question nobility. These ideas all add to the lack of haste in Hamlet's murder of Claudius. The appearance of the ghost to Hamlet causes him much confusion. As Dodsworth states, "Hamlet regards the Ghost as eminently 'questionable' (43), that is, 'which invites question' as Jenkins has it, but more pertinently 'uncertain, doubtful'"(Dodsworth 58). Hamlet does not know whether or not to listen to the ghost. If it is indeed the ghost of Hamlet senior Hamlet is obligated to follow his orders, "It is as he is flesh of his flesh that Hamlet is bound (by 'nature') to act on his father's behalf" (Dodsworth 59). In conclusion, the appearance of the eminently is the beginning of Hamlet's problems. Morality is the next big challenge that Hamlet faces. Hamlet needs to morally justify the murder of the king to himself before he can go through with it, "Hamlet was restrained by conscience or a moral scruple; he could not satisfy himself that it was right to avenge his father"(Bradley 80). This idea connects directly with the idea that Hamlet thinks too much. Although Hamlet does not act on instinct; he does understand what it is telling him to do, "Even when he doubts, or thinks he doubts, the honesty of the Ghost, he expresses no doubt as to what his duty will be if the Ghost turns out to be honest" (Bradley 80).

Placebo Effect

Feda Aziz Amy Blitchok ENG 1060-0013 April 30, 2012 Placebo over Mind For years, scientists and researchers have sought to find an explanation for the placebo effect. What many scientists and researchers do not realize is that placebo or â€Å"fake medicine† has been used as early as the revolutionary period in the seventeen hundreds. The mind is a powerful organ, in which controls all our body’s functions and thoughts. Everyday functions such as breathing and walking relies heavily on the most important part of our organ: the mind.However, through the use of placebos, it is becoming clear that the mind may have an even greater influence on our daily lives, influencing our perception of well- being. The placebo, which is Latin for â€Å"to please,† is a sugar-pill that can be taken in many different forms such as injection, liquid intake or by pill. Research conducted by physicians and scientists on placebos revealed that patients who receives treatment for asthm a, irritable bowel syndromes, knee surgery and much more showed improvements and are symptom free which in turn demonstrated how mind is more powerful than the body.The Placebo effect is when the administration of some entirely harmless or inactive drug or pill seems to make people better. It can also reduce the experience of pain by blocking pain signals in the spinal cord from arriving at the brain in the first place. When patients expect a treatment to be effective, the brain area responsible for pain control is activated, causing the release of natural endorphins. The endorphins send instructions down to the spinal cord to suppress incoming pain signals and patients feel better whether or not the treatment had any direct effect.This article explained how the mind and placebo work together in sending messages from the brain to the area of pain. Other problems exist in testing placebos' effectiveness. They cannot be used in studies on life-threatening or degenerative illnesses, si nce taking an inactive treatment rather than a real one could do patients real harm. Tests in which patients know they may be taking placebos show different results from tests in which they are given only a drug.Patients have been shown to react less to real medicine if they know there is a fifty percent chance they are actually getting sugar pills (Amaral) . Very few doctors are this open about prescribing placebos, but most of them do not outright lie to their patients, either. In general, doctors who prescribe placebos often say that they have something that they believe can help, but they do not know exactly how it will work, either. Supporters of the use of placebos point out that this is not lying; placebos are known to be beneficial in some cases.The American Medical Association (AMA) policy suggests that doctors could explain the placebo effect to their patients and receive consent to prescribe them in the course of treating any illness. This way, the patients don't know exa ctly when they might be prescribed a placebo and they could still benefit from the placebo effect (â€Å"http://www. ama-assn. org/†). The Placebo effect refers to the situation where patients feel better after taking a medication even if the drug is ineffective. A study proved the effectiveness of placebo medicine in patients diagnosed with heart failure.When given the placebo to heart failure patients and they took it whole heartedly and faithfully they showed a thirty four percent decrease in death rate. The researchers are unsure about the results but some theories are; mind is as powerful as any organ in the body. People who took their placebo faithfully, and believe it would help, may actually have gotten real help. Also patients who have heart failure have to exercise and cut salt intake so that may have had an important role in the placebo succeeding (Amaral). The placebo effect is a powerful effect that can consistently induce a perceived benefit.Once the placebo was identified as a valid medication able to create a response, such as becoming symptom free, became more widely used as a control in clinical trials. As a result, the placebo effect has been extensively studied throughout history. In a study; four groups of asthma patients were given albuterol inhalers, placebo inhalers, sham acupuncture, or no treatment. When the researchers tested the patients' lung function, the albuterol, a standard treatment for asthma, showed improvement, whereas the placebos had no effect. On the contrary, half of those who used the albuterol reported feeling better.But so did nearly half of those who got the placebo inhaler or the sham acupuncture. Doctors may not fully understand the cause of it but what they do know is two inert pills can work better than one, colorful inert pills can work better than plain ones, and injections can work better than pills (Bates). The perception of the benefits was recognized due to the perceptions of the mind, and not to th e ingredients that makes up the fake treatment. The placebo effect shows us that the mind heavily influences our perceptions of wellness and health.The placebo was also used during the Civil War; nurses often ran out of medicine, in order to keep the soldiers moving they injected them with saltwater, and believed it was morphine. Many scientists began wondering how the solider can feel better and become symptom free without taking the actual morphine. Thus, the scientists came to the conclusion that before simply thinking you can feel better you actually will. However, there is the nocebo effect in which the opposite occurs. A patient thinks he will feel bad, and he then will feel symptoms and pain.Also when a doctor proclaims that the medicine will cause symptoms or pain, the patient is more likely to feel the symptoms (Cloud). While the mind may be labeled as an organ easily fooled by placebos, whose benefit has no physical basis, it is clear that the mind may have an even greater role in behavior. Throughout the world, it is widely believed that the placebo effect simply is of random chance or it temporarily works on symptoms or diseases. To prove the skeptics wrong, a test was conducted with one hundred and eight patients that were divided in half.Half of them received arthroscopy knee surgery, and the other half received fake knee surgery. Arthroscopy knee surgery requires only three tiny incisions through the skin and the fake surgery received a small cut on their knee. The results were astonishing placebo surgery turned out to be just as effective as real surgery. Many people think it is irrational to be cured by fake medicine, but the truth is patients who were successfully healed by fake surgery were in fact healed by the power of their own minds (Easton).Placebos can no longer be thought of as a blind fold covering the eyes. These sugar pills induce the mind to create a very real and physical response that may be specific to the placebo; as a result, use of a placebo can become a very seductive treatment option for many. With the ongoing use of placebos, both as a control, and potentially as an alternative treatment, several issues emerge: Such as if the placebo is ethical or not. Furthermore, can it be guaranteed that placebos will generate a safe, and effective, result.While these pills may seem nonthreatening by being less active than experimental drugs, the risk for harmful and unethical consequences still does exist. Dr. Sobel ,co-author of The Healing Brain, explains â€Å"doctors spend a lot of time prescribing and giving medicine when improvement can be just by giving positive reinforcement†. Dr. Sobel also clarifies that if giving positive feedback made patients feel better then why give a placebo or sugar pill at all when you can prescribe yoga or meditation.For example when a child gets hurt, the compassionate parent would say â€Å"a kiss will make it better† and the child walks away tearless because m ommy made it feel better. Carefully, studies were conducted and on average, if you take one hundred people with certain illnesses and give them a sugar pill; about a third would be expected to improve (Friend). Some doctors believe that instead of ignoring the placebo effect, it may help to enhance it. A study was conducted in which the placebo effect worked on patients who had irritable bowel syndrome or IBS. In 2008, Harvard's Ted J.Kaptchuk wanted to treat IBS but in a safe way. He devised a fake remedy which contained fake acupuncture with no needles and plenty of soft talk. Kaptchuk experiment showed sixty-two percent of them actually got better and for the patients who had fake acupuncture and no soft talk saw a forty two percent improvement. Many mainstream medicine and drug companies try to minimize conducting clinical trials, but Kaptchuk argues that instead of minimizing they should enhance it and use placebos more often because it will lower costs of medicine and produce fewer side effects (Herper).Anesthetist, Henry Beecher, published an article on the use and effects of placebo in treatment of different diseases. Since then, many studies have shown that situations can also trigger the human mind to generate placebo effect. Kaptchuk explains that rituals of treatment activate brain areas in the same way as done by drugs. The newest neurobiological theories on placebos suggest that in some situations the appearance and rituals of treatment activate brain areas similar to when one takes drugs. So, for the drug to work, you may not need the drug at all (Marglin).Freed and his associates conducted a study examining the outcomes of forty patients, ages thirty four through seventy five, who had severe Parkinson's disease. In this study, the patients either underwent neuronal transplantation surgery or sham surgery (placebo). These patients were randomly assigned to the different groups. In the patients who underwent the sham surgery, holes were drilled i nto their skulls, but not penetrated. While all of the patients had hoped to receive this neuronal transplant, only half actually did. The rest had the placebo surgery (Amaral).Freed found that although there was no notable effect among the older patients in either transplantation or placebo surgeries, the younger transplantation recipients showed much improvement as compared with the placebo surgery group. No one from the placebo surgery group benefited from the procedure. Results were measured using the standardized scoring system of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). They measure symptoms of Parkinson's disease including mentation/mood and performance in the activities of daily living, respectively.Freed, further analyzed results for growth of transplants by using the PET scans. PET scans use nuclear medicine imaging to produce 3-dimensional color images of the functional processes within the human body. These tests all concluded that the only group that benefi ted from the study was the younger transplantation group, leaving many concerned due to the lack of improvement in their condition. Half of those in the placebo group experienced additional pain, and some experienced trauma. In addition to not benefiting from the procedure, many experienced significant pain from the placebo surgery.In this case, the mind could not be induced into generating the type of physical response that is desired from this surgery. And further, the potential for pain as well as harm are also clear in this example. It is clear that the ethics behind placebos, given that they are active substances that can induce very real physical responses need to be taken seriously. The mind is a complex organ that may not always respond in the way that we hope it will (Amaral). The placebo effect has shed great light on the complex functions of the mind. The mind has the remarkable ability to generate a physiological and real response to placebos.Furthermore, the mind can di scern a placebo from an experimental drug, as we see through the specific activation of the prefrontal cortex by the placebo. The mind has functions and capabilities that are larger than just thinking, breathing and walking. It not only controls our perception of our well-being, but may control the physicalitys of our well-being more extensively than was previously thought. While the placebo effect has yielded important information on the powers of the mind, we need to think more responsibly about the use of placebos, and the potential effects of these active stimuli on the brain.Given that placebos do activate the brain, we need to re-address our notions of these pills as inactive sugar pills. What if placebos could have the potential to affect the mind in a way that is not positive? What if placebo pills, and furthermore surgeries, could be harmful to the patient? The ethics of placebos, and the role of the mind in responding to them, should not be underestimated as we move forwar d in our studies of how the mind works. Our well-being depends on it. There are several recent studies suggesting that placebos themselves are beneficial.According to a paper presented to the American Psychological Association's (APA) 104th annual convention, the placebo effect accounts for fifty percent of improvements in depressed patients taking antidepressants. Listening to Prozac but Hearing Placebo: A Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Medication, a controversial study done on the effectiveness of using pharmaceuticals in treatment of depression. According to another study, when placebos are given for pain management, the course of pain relief follows that of an active drug The Placebo Prescription, comprehensive non-scientific article on the placebo effect.For both the placebo and the active medicine, peak relief comes about an hour after administration. The placebo effect seems to be acknowledged, perhaps unwittingly, by most medical doctors when one considers that until recent ly prescribing antibiotics for viral colds and flus was a common practice (Ammaral. ) A patient's belief in the treatment and the placebo response are dependent upon a variety of factors. First, the patient's expectations of treatment effects clearly influence the responses.For example, a study in England was done where a hundred men were told that they were taking chemotherapy, when in actuality they were taking inactive saline solution. Twenty percent of these men lost their hair, demonstrating the power of the belief of effects of the treatment. Second, the relationship between patient and care-provider is quite important in determining treatment or placebo results. If there is a positive rapport between the two, then most often there will be a positive enthusiasm for the treatment, and therefore a positive outcome, no matter if a placebo or pharmacologic treatment was used.The friendliness, interest, sympathy, prestige, and positive attitude of the care- provider toward the pati ent and toward the treatment are associated with positive effects of placebos as well as of active treatments. For example, in a double- blind study of dental extractions, two groups were compared: the first, where the doctors knew they would administer a narcotic analgesic, a placebo, or a narcotic antagonistic and the second, where the doctors knew they would administer either a placebo or narcotic antagonist. The patients from the first group who received placebo had significantly less pain.Since the two placebo groups were only different in the doctors' knowledge of possible treatment, this knowledge must have resulted in differences in behaviors by the doctor that influenced patient responses. Third, placebos have time- effect curves and peaks, cumulative and carryover effects after end of treatment which is quite similar to those of pharmacologically active medications. For example, â€Å"when varying doses of analgesic followed by a placebo are administered, patients' placeb o responses correspond in degree of pain relief over time to their original dosage of analgesic† (Turner).In addition, dose-response effects have also been documented where two placebo pills were demonstrated to have more pronounced effects than one. In recent decades studies have confirmed the efficacy of various sham treatments in nearly all areas of medicine. Placebos have helped alleviate pain, depression, anxiety, Parkinson’s disease, inflammatory disorders and even cancer. These studies show that people’s perception of their treatment plays an important role in healing. In other words, people not only think that a drug or procedure will benefit them, but over time, they unconsciously associate the taking of medicine with relief.This essay has stated what the placebo effect is, how it will be used to care for a patient with given evidence and the restrictions of the placebo effect. Up to now medical science has not fully explained what is the cause or causes of the placebo effect. But it seems that it is the result of the patient’s expectation of an effect. The debate will continue concerning what constitutes a placebo, but whether doctors and researchers should continue to use them. Even some supporters of placebo use claim that it is such a loaded word that perhaps we should start using terms like â€Å"mind-body medicine† or â€Å"integrated healing† instead.But as long as many people believe that the placebo effect works, they're not likely to go away anytime soon. Work Cited â€Å"AMA American Medical Association. † http://www. ama-assn. org/. N. p. , 2012. Web. 29 Apr 2012. . Amaral, Julio Rocha and Renato M. E. Sabbatini. Placebo Effect The Power of the Sugar Pill. February 5,the Mysterious Placebo Effect, an article from Modern Drug Discovery Bates, Stephen. â€Å"Nothing helps: a placebo a day. † The Wilson Quarterly 35. 4 (2011): 15. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context.Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Clo ud, John. â€Å"How A Sugar Pill Can Heal (Or Hurt) You. † Time 174. 17 (2009): 59. TOPIC search. Web. 9 Mar. 2012. Easton MD â€Å"The placebo effect an amazing reality. † Sunday Star (Easton, MD) 1 Jul. 2007, Supplements HealthWise: NewsBank. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Friend, Tim. â€Å"The placebo effect: Gauging the mind's role in healing. † USA TODAY 15 Jun. 1993, FINAL, LIFE: 6D. NewsBank. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Herper, Matthew, and Robert Langreth. â€Å"The Nothing Cure. † Forbes 185. 5 (2010): 24. TOPICsearch. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Marglin, Elizabeth. The PLACEBO Effect. † Natural Health 40. 5 (2010): 68-95. Health Source – Consumer Edition. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. â€Å"The Powerful Placebo. † Harvard Men's Health Watch 12. 11 (2008): 4-6. Health Source – Consumer Edition. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. â€Å"Therapeutic Placebo Effect:A Mind/Body Connection. † placeboeffect. com 10 Apr 2012 . Turner, et al, â€Å"The importance of placebo e ffects in pain treatment and research†, JAMA, 1994: http://www. ovid. med. virginia. edu/ovidweb/ovidweb. cgi

Comparison of Popes The rape of the Lock and Swifts A...

Although Alexander Popes, The Rape of the Lock, and Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal are both witty satires, they differ on their style, intention, and mood. To begin, in The Rape of the Lock, Alexander Pope uses satire to invoke a capricious, melancholy mood to illustrate the absurdity of fighting over the cutting of ones hair. Hidden inside this poem is a crafty criticism of the society that helps create the crisis over the stolen lock. A Society in which appearances ere more important to a person’s sense of identity, and treats the insignificant with utmost importance. The very title of this mock- epic gives the audience a clue, the word rape and all its implications bring to mind a heinous crime of violation. Pope chose†¦show more content†¦Swift portrays his views in his political satire called A Modest Proposal, he stresses that it is hard for mothers to provide for their children and it is not getting any easier. He feels that this is due to an overpopulation and lack of food. Swift’s plan is an ironic attempt to find out a fair, cheap, and easy Method(503), for converting the starving children of Ireland into sound and useful members of the Commonwealth† (503). His â€Å"solution† is to sell a child, after he or she reaches one year of age. â€Å"Instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding and partly to the clothing of many thousands†(503). From Swift’s perspective using the children, as food is the most efficient and cheap way to make the children a contribution rather than a burden. This wondrous idea has so many benefits that it is hard to see how anyone would be so close-minded to disagree. For instance, â€Å"It would greatly lessen the number of papists† (506) â€Å"Secondly, the poorer tenants will have something valuable of their own† (506), which could h elp them pay rent. â€Å"Fifthly, this food would likewise bring great custom to taverns† (506), where the cooks would strive to find the best recipes for their new delicacy. Finally it would be a great advantage to those getting married, where asShow MoreRelatedSatire : A Modest Proposal And The Rape Of The Lock905 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper, satire in A Modest Proposal and The Rape of the Lock will be discussed. The satire within these two texts will be linked by showing how each writer attacked the accepted way of life or common belief in order to present their own opinion on the matter. What makes these two writings a good comparison is that although one is in essay form and the other in poetic form, they are both from the same time period; they were written 17 years apart in the beginning of the 18th century. This isRead MoreEssay about A Swift Change Is Imminent1714 Words   |  7 Pagesglance, a misogynist’s paradise is apparent when perceiving Jonatha n Swift’s The Lady’s Dressing Room and a cannibalistic one in A Modest Proposal. However, Swift’s intricate feelings do not depict Ireland’s crude social convention, but rather for Swift’s revolutionary vitriolic satire, which permeates humanity’s blindness through political stand points. By using grotesque metaphors, to open the figurative eyes of the public, Swift’s poetry forced society to analyze the ways of living in order to pushRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Rape of the Lock Essays1922 Words   |  8 Pagestime period today. The Rape of the Lock, his most notable publication, was actually inspired by the real world event when a Lord Petre cut of a lock of Arabella Fermors hair. Form, structure, and plot: The poem is a mock epic divided into 5 short cantos, very similar in form to Shakespeares acts. The first act is a kind of exposition, giving background information about Belinda. Canto 2 introduces the conflict--the Barons desire to cut off and steal Belindas locks; canto 3 encompasses the

The Black Death - Worst plague in history - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 494 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Black Death Essay Did you like this example? Making a grand entrance into Europe in the mid 1300s, the Black Death took almost one third of the continents population, with numbers exceeding twenty million people. The devastating epidemic sprung from a strand of the Bubonic plague that infected twelve ships docked in Messina, venturing from the Black Sea. When docked, majority of the sailors living on the boats were found to be dead, those who managed to say alive did not last much longer. The drastic change in population caused significant changes for the citizens of Europe as they entered the Late Middle Ages. Gruesome symptoms began to take over the internal operations and external appearance of the body. Symptoms spread in a fast manner, making the plague one of the most contagious diseases to ever attack the world. Once infected, it was likely to experience headaches, fevers, chills, and eventually fatigue, all normal symptoms of any day-to-day virus. After developing the basics, symptoms got a little more unique and developed into an aching of the entire body. On top of all of these, the patient would then notice swellings which consisted of hard, painful, and burning lumps on the neck, under the arms, and on inner thighs. Without much time passing, these swellings turned into large black growths that would then begin to ooze fluids, such as pus and blood, at a random rate. These extreme symptoms would soon become fatal due to the internal bleeding most were known to cause. Moments before the plague took over the body one final time, it created a unique stench that stemmed from differe nt parts of rotting body. The most common way this dreaded disease was spread throughout Fourteenth Century Europe was through a series of flea bites. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Black Death Worst plague in history" essay for you Create order These fleas, having ingested plague infected blood from their hosts would often attempt to feed on other victims, invariably injecting some of the infected blood into its new host, resulting in the Bubonic Plague. Once infected, one could infect others through airborne pathogens in close quarters of those who remained healthy up until that point. Due to the rapid transmission rate, the few doctors that dared to come face to face with the Black Death wore a beak-like mask filled with aromatic items to fight off the deadly disease. Fourteenth Century Europe was devastated. Religious, social, and economic riots took place and left a permanent mark in European history, this including the end of feudalism in Europe. The citizens decided that tomorrow remained unpromised, so they lived each day in the moment. The population decrease brought mostly favorable results to the surviving people in Western Europe. Land was plentiful and the innovation of labor-saving technologies became the first major movement after the plague. The Black Plague will not be forgotten anytime soon. As one of the worst diseases to ever create an epidemic of this severity, the Black Death remains engraved in the history of Europe along with the troubles and upheavals that came with it.

For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle, by Nicholas...

Nicholas Kristof’s article â€Å"For Environmental Balance, Pick up a Rifle,† which appeared in The New York Times, attempts to convince the American people that deer pose a danger to humans by taking more lives each year than any other American mammal. He states that deer populations, unchecked by predators, are increasing in a way that is unnatural and are destroying the ecosystem in many parts of the country. The suggestion he makes to his readers is that we must kill deer to bring the population down in order to prevent so many human deaths. Kristof appears to advocate hunting without much concern for other alternatives. While he does include statistical data to strengthen his point, other types of support he provides could be considered†¦show more content†¦A tick does not discriminate against its food source. Many animals in the wild are carriers of such parasites, and one reason the deer is considered a major carrier is that it has limited ability to rem ove ticks. It may be safe to assume that some Americans view hunting as being barbaric. This may be due to the fact that our society is not one that relies on this method for survival anymore. Most Americans acquire their food through a local grocery store which gets their food from farmers who grow vegetables and raise domesticated livestock. In the recent decades, hunting has been portrayed more as a â€Å"sport† than as a means for survival. It would appear that the meaning behind hunting has been lost and with it people’s idea that it is meant to be helpful. At one point in the article, Kristof does mention how states such as New York and New Jersey are talking about using birth control in order to decrease the deer population. Then he states, â€Å"Deer contraception hasn’t been very useful though.† He leaves out a lot of information regarding this alternative method. Questions that readers may want to know is â€Å"What kind of birth control?â₠¬  and â€Å"Why is it considered not effective if the states have only talked about it?† His wording sounds confusing and with missing facts. This confusion may lead the reader to believe that the author only wanted to mention it,

Developing A Business Plan Of Vocational Hotel †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Developing A Business Plan Of Vocational Hotel. Answer: Strategic plan The existing strategic plan of Vocational Hotel of year 2016-2018 has its goal towards targeting the customers to make this hotel one of the best in the market among the visitors of Melbourne. However, enhance their reputation in the market they must also focus on the sustainability development. Along with this, they must also start a staff-training programme for better supervision on the staffs efficiency (Rojas-Arce et al. 2012). Business plan The owners of Vocational Hotel named Bill Smith and Lyn carter who started this business by investing just $100,000 each with a mortgage so that they can buy the property and they took a loan for their business for $100,000. However, its mission should not only to become number one hotel in the market but also to make some profit out of it. Apart from this, they must also attract customers in all season because currently they are only focusing on skiers and summer visitors. Operational plan An operational plan is very important for this hotel, as this will notify better-plannedmanagement of their resources. However, apart from the departments that the hotel is currently holding there must be certain additions as groups of staff at the reception who will be responsible for welcoming the guests and help them reach their respective rooms. Thus, together with other teams or departments they can contribute in achieving the companys success. Analysis of existing mission, vision, values and objectives The existing vision of this hotel of being number one among the visitors should also focus on satisfying its guest more than being number one. This vision can be achieved if they follow the mission of improving themselves every other day. Their mission must have a multi-skilled workforce and a user-friendly technology increasing value. They must incorporate certain changes in the objectives as well like to increase little bit on occupancy rates at lean seasons and start a training program for the staffs to be more impactful. Apart from these the vision of the organization will be to upgrade the sustainability approach in their business activities. Their existing vision is already to become number one in the list of their visitors but along with it they must also become the first choice of their business partners, shareholders and colleagues. Stakeholders The stakeholders of Vocational hotel are the investors or the owners Bill Smith and Lyn carter, themanagement companies who have imparted their brand, leadership and expertise. The PR agencies can also be called as a stakeholder for this hotel and lastly, the project manager who looks after the projects oversees and supervises timeline (de Grosbois 2012). Lastly the Employees as well as the customers are also the stakeholders of the company. Employees are the internal stakeholders whereas customers are the external stakeholders; thus, both are important stakeholders in an organization. Employees play a vital part in earning the revenue for the organization and without the customers business wont last so they are essential. Product, service and pricing strategy and the target market Apart from the products and services the hotel is currently serving, they must also bring certain variety for their guests so that the experiences of the guests at their hotels also come into their notice. They must start with giving their guests free breakfast and onsite day spa. Pricing strategy should depend as par with the competition. The consumers that are targeted are the skiers and summer tourists. Now they must also target the tourists for all seasons along with the businesspersons who can avail their services for business purposes (Mohammed and Rashid 2012). KPIs and benchmarks KPIs are the key performance indicators are the measurable values that signifies any organizations attaining the business objectives (Parmenter 2015). For victoria hotel the KPIs can be- Online rating Percentage of occupancy The average daily rate The revenue per available room Satisfaction of the customers Return of investment However, the benchmark must be set the standard of excellence, upheaval and extraordinary services to their guests in their hotels. Financial and human resource requirements Finance department is responsible for the money in and out in a business, payroll, preparing the financial reports, balance sheets and budgets and most importantly to avoid error, fraud or theft in any monetary aspect. On the other hand, the HR deals with recruiting, retention, compensation, liability and labour (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). Thus, the company will be needing investors that are the ultimate financial requirement for hotel business along with the Human resource employees in the health and safety area of the guest and in the area of riskmanagement where they can inspect and identify the harm and act to it immediately. Law and legislation requirements For any business, it is very important to meet the requirements of the government. However, for a hotel business the first and foremost task is to register with the local council under the Heath regulation 2001. Then they need to register for the food under Food act 1984. Other registrations will be for taxes, for serving alcohol, for playing music (Howard, Gordon and Jones 2014). Thus to conclude this report it can be said that the existing business plan needs certain changes that are reviewed and evaluated in this new one that can help the Vocational hotel to have a smooth profitable business in future. References Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. de Grosbois, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility reporting by the global hotel industry: Commitment, initiatives and performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), pp.896-905. Howard, S.J., Gordon, R. and Jones, S.C., 2014. Australian alcohol policy 20012013 and implications for public health. BMC public health, 14(1), p.848. Mohammed, A.A. and Rashid, B., 2012. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Hotel Industry: A framework proposal on the relationship among CRM dimensions, Marketing Capabilities, and Hotel performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 2(4), p.220. Parmenter, D., 2015. Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley Sons. Rojas-Arce, J., Gelman, O. and Surez-Rocha, J., 2012. The methodology for strategic plan implementation. Journal of applied research and technology, 10(2), pp.248-262.